What happens if, after taking an antibiotic pill, you skip a glass or two of alcohol? When you can drink alcohol, how many hours or days after antibiotics can you drink alcohol in order not to harm your health?
Antibiotic and alcohol
An obligatory consequence of the use of alcohol and antibiotics is a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment. When alcohol is consumed, inflammatory processes develop in the intestines and local immunity decreases.
At the same time, the antibiotic-associated disorder in the intestine, caused by taking the antibiotic, increases.
Violation of the concentration of the drug
The antibiotic begins to act after reaching a sufficiently high therapeutic concentration in the blood. Due to the intake of the same alcoholic drink, the amount of the drug in the body decreases.
Such drugs, when trying to take antibiotics after alcohol, can be considered useless and even dangerous.
Violation of the treatment regimen, a decrease in the concentration of the drug contributes to an increase in the resistance of the pathogenic microflora to the action of the antibiotic. And the disease itself, against which an antibiotic is prescribed, has a chance to go from acute to chronic.
The concentration of the drug is reduced due to the fact that the nephrotoxic metabolite of ethyl alcohol acetaldehyde disrupts the process of reabsorption of nutrients in the renal tubules.
Water reabsorption is also impaired, which increases blood viscosity and the concentration of the antibiotic in the blood can change in the most unpredictable way.
Characteristics of metabolism
Antibiotics are drugs that are metabolized in the liver. Engaged in the processing of ethyl alcohol, the liver does not have time to neutralize all possible products of the intermediate metabolism of the drug.
In addition, ethanol can affect the activity of liver enzymes and even react directly with the antibiotic or its metabolites. These properties are expressed differently in antibacterial drugs.
One of the most dangerous features of combining a drug with ethyl alcohol is the interaction of these chemical compounds with the development of a disulfiram-like reaction.
Let's find out whether it is possible to drink alcohol, beer, take antibiotics, after which it is not dangerous to drink alcohol, and after which it is absolutely impossible.
Disulfiram-like reaction
The disulfiram reaction is used to code for alcoholism, accompanied by nausea, seizures, cough, vomiting, shortness of breath, and drop in blood pressure.
A similar effect occurs quite often when taking drugs with ethanol.
Below is a list of after taking which antibiotics and how long you shouldn't drink alcohol.
The consequences of ethanol intake during antibiotic treatment are dose-dependent.
When, after taking pills or injections of antibiotics, you can drink alcohol, they are calculated based on the time it takes for the antibiotic to be eliminated from the body.
List of antibiotics
It must not be consumed with alcohol:
- nitroimidazoles - do not combine with alcohol for up to 48 hours (drugs give a reaction similar to disulfiram);
- cephalosporins: the chemical structure of this group resembles a disulfiram molecule in structure, which gives a disulfiram-like reaction with ethyl alcohol. You can take alcohol every other day, with kidney failure, the interval gets longer;
- fluoroquinolones: synthetic antibiotics inhibit the nervous system and can cause coma. Take alcohol no earlier than 1. 5 days;
- tetracyclines - a high risk of damage to liver hepatocytes, are excreted from the body for a long time. You can take alcohol after 3 days;
- aminoglycosides are ototoxic, nephrotoxic, drug side effects increase, drug toxicity increases. Take alcohol no earlier than 0. 5 months;
- lincosamides - the central nervous system and liver are affected, a disulfiram reaction develops. You can drink alcohol 4 days after the treatment;
- macrolides: the risk of liver cirrhosis increases, especially when taking erythromycin, they are slowly excreted from the body. Alcohol is allowed after 3-5 days;
- antituberculous drugs - can cause drug-induced hepatitis with a fulminant course. Alcoholic drinks are prohibited!
The rate of elimination of antibacterial drugs from different environments of the body is different. So, if aminoglycosides are removed from the blood in adults on average in 2. 5 hours, this time from the inner ear fluid can be up to 350 hours.
Given the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides, it is easy to understand that drinking alcohol within 2 weeks of treatment can cause deafness.
Interaction
A disulfiram-like reaction in antibiotic treatment and alcohol consumption develops due to blocking the synthesis of enzymes that destroy the ethanol molecule into simple substances.
The consequence is an increase in the blood concentration of an intermediate product of the decomposition of ethyl alcohol - acetaldehyde. The metabolite of ethanol acetaldehyde is more toxic than ethyl alcohol itself.
And the lack of liver enzymes, resulting from the toxic effect on the liver, causes a decrease in norepinephrine synthesis, which is why the symptoms of intoxication the next morning appear brighter and more difficult to tolerate.
Effects
The combination of small doses of alcohol with medicine may not appear at all, but when large doses of alcohol are consumed, the side effects of both drugs and ethyl alcohol intensify.
One of the most dangerous consequences of combining alcohol with an antibiotic is a disulfiram-like reaction. The danger of this condition is that it is masked by alcohol intoxication and is not recognized by others as a warning sign.
The disulfiram reaction is caused by an increase in the concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood and is manifested by symptoms:
- palpitations;
- nausea;
- tide, feeling of heat;
- dizziness;
- stomach ache;
- a sharp drop in pressure.
If a patient's blood alcohol level is above 125mg / 100ml and the victim does not receive timely assistance, even a lethal outcome is possible.
How to combine
Some drugs absolutely cannot be combined with ethyl alcohol in any dosage:
- nitroimidazoles;
- a group of cephalosporins;
- fluoroquinolones;
- aminoglycosides.
How many days after antibiotics can you take drinks with alcohol, can you stop the course of treatment for a while?
It is best not to combine antibiotics and alcohol at all, and not to take ethanol during treatment. If for some reason this is impossible and you have to consume alcoholic beverages, you can calculate how long after alcohol to drink an antibiotic using a special alcohol calculator.
The alcohol calculator takes into account a person's weight, quantity and strength of the drink taken. So, for men weighing 70kg, 100g of vodka will be completely eliminated from the body in 5 to 8 hours and 200g of beer in 1, 44 hours.
It should be noted that all these calculations are approximate, and the actual rate of excretion from the body depends not only on the properties of these chemical compounds, but also on the state of the kidneys, intestines and liver.
Production
For complete removal of the antibacterial drug from the body, it takes 1 to 3, 5 - 5 days. The elimination time depends on the state of health, age, characteristics of a person's metabolism.
In most cases, drinking alcohol while taking a course of antibiotics weakens the effectiveness of the treatment, increases the side effects of the drug, causes a disulfiram-like reaction, and is fraught with serious consequences.